Osteomyelitis: Infection of the Bone

For many, the word “infection” brings to mind wounds on the skin or historical accounts of infections before antibiotics became available. Today, modern medicine has significantly reduced the impact of bacterial infections; however, certain infections remain challenging and require heightened awareness.

One such condition is osteomyelitis, an infection of the bone or bone marrow most commonly caused by Staphylococcus bacteria (staph). Staph bacteria are naturally present on the skin of healthy individuals but can exploit opportunities to cause infection, particularly when the body is weakened or injured.

How Does Osteomyelitis Occur?

Although bones are often perceived as solid and immune to infection, they are fed by the same blood supply as the rest of the body. This makes them vulnerable to bacterial invasion under certain conditions, such as:

1. Bloodstream Infections:
   • An existing infection, such as a urinary tract infection, can enter the bloodstream and travel to a weakened or vulnerable area in the bone.

1. Trauma or Injury:

• Compound fractures or penetrating wounds can expose the bone to bacteria, increasing the risk of infection.

1. Surgical Procedures:

• Surgeries involving bones may introduce bacteria, particularly if healing is compromised.

1. Underlying Health Conditions:

• Conditions that impair blood flow, oxygenation, or immune function—such as diabetes or chemotherapy—can increase susceptibility to osteomyelitis.

Symptoms of Osteomyelitis

The symptoms of osteomyelitis are similar to other infections and may include:

• Fever or chills
• Pain, warmth, and redness over the affected area
• Decreased range of motion, impacting daily activities and quality of life

If not treated promptly, osteomyelitis can become chronic, leading to persistent, low-grade symptoms that are more difficult to resolve.

Treatment Challenges

Antibiotics are the cornerstone of treating osteomyelitis. However, infected bone often has reduced blood flow and low oxygen levels, which makes it more difficult to deliver antibiotics effectively. Bone tissue naturally receives less blood flow than soft tissues, further complicating treatment.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) as a Complementary Treatment

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) is an adjunctive therapy that can enhance standard medical treatments, such as antibiotics, by addressing the unique challenges of osteomyelitis.

How HBOT Works:

• Increases oxygen delivery: HBOT exposes the body to 100% oxygen under pressure, which allows oxygen to dissolve into the plasma and reach areas with compromised blood flow.
• Enhances immune function: The increased oxygen levels improve the activity of white blood cells, enhancing the body’s ability to fight infection.
• Supports tissue repair: HBOT stimulates the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) and promotes collagen production to support tissue healing.

Clinical Insights:

Research has shown promising results for HBOT in the treatment of osteomyelitis. For example, one study demonstrated that 70% of patients with spinal osteomyelitis, complicated by other conditions or resistant to conventional treatment, experienced significant improvement with HBOT as part of their treatment plan.

A Comprehensive Approach

Osteomyelitis is a condition that requires a multifaceted approach. While antibiotics remain the primary treatment, adjunctive therapies like HBOT can play a significant role in enhancing recovery. At The Nardella Clinic, our team of naturopathic doctors works alongside standard medical care to support patients in achieving the best possible outcomes.

Health Canada Compliance Notice

Health Canada regulates the approved uses of HBOT. While HBOT is recognized as an adjunct therapy for certain infections, including osteomyelitis, its use must be assessed and supervised by a qualified healthcare provider. Patients are encouraged to consult our naturopathic doctors to determine whether HBOT is appropriate for their care.